> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://kingsznhone.gitbook.io/vsop2013.net/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://kingsznhone.gitbook.io/vsop2013.net/vsop2013/original-readme/precision-of-the-series-vsop2013.md).

# Precision of the Series VSOP2013

An estimation of the precision of the series VSOP2013 is given by the largest differences between VSOP2013 and INPOP10a

#### TIME INTERVAL \[1890; 2000]

<table><thead><tr><th width="123">Planet</th><th>a</th><th>λ</th><th>k</th><th>h</th><th>q</th><th>p</th><th>L</th><th>B</th><th>R</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Mercury</td><td>0.003</td><td>0.03</td><td>1.0</td><td>1.2</td><td>0.1</td><td>0.1</td><td>0.06</td><td>0.01</td><td>0.008</td></tr><tr><td>Venus</td><td>0.002</td><td>0.02</td><td>0.3</td><td>0.2</td><td>0.1</td><td>1.1</td><td>0.02</td><td>0.05</td><td>0.002</td></tr><tr><td>EMB</td><td>0.003</td><td>0.01</td><td>0.8</td><td>0.5</td><td>0.1</td><td>1.9</td><td>0.02</td><td>0.08</td><td>0.011</td></tr><tr><td>Mars</td><td>0.078</td><td>0.74</td><td>4.6</td><td>5.4</td><td>0.3</td><td>1.1</td><td>0.93</td><td>0.06</td><td>0.162</td></tr><tr><td>Jupiter</td><td>0.099</td><td>0.19</td><td>2.9</td><td>3.3</td><td>0.5</td><td>0.4</td><td>0.20</td><td>0.02</td><td>0.277</td></tr><tr><td>Saturn</td><td>0.173</td><td>0.10</td><td>4.8</td><td>4.3</td><td>0.9</td><td>0.9</td><td>0.24</td><td>0.05</td><td>0.592</td></tr><tr><td>Uranus</td><td>15.120</td><td>0.76</td><td>40.0</td><td>39.1</td><td>3.0</td><td>2.3</td><td>2.19</td><td>0.13</td><td>5.962</td></tr><tr><td>Neptune</td><td>3.432</td><td>0.08</td><td>9.1</td><td>3.8</td><td>1.5</td><td>1.0</td><td>0.38</td><td>0.05</td><td>2.764</td></tr><tr><td>Pluto</td><td>124.710</td><td>2.85</td><td>198.1</td><td>185.8</td><td>56.9</td><td>23.3</td><td>10.83</td><td>3.19</td><td>118.419</td></tr></tbody></table>

Unîts:&#x20;

Elliptic elements: a (km), **λ** (mas), k, h, q, p (10-10).&#x20;

Heliocentric longitude L and latitude B (mas).&#x20;

Distance Sun-Planet R (km).

#### TIME INTERVAL \[-4000; +8000]

| Planet  | λ    | L     | B    | R     |
| ------- | ---- | ----- | ---- | ----- |
| Mercury | 0.12 | 0.20  | 0.02 | 9     |
| Venus   | 0.15 | 0.15  | 0.01 | 4     |
| EMB     | 0.98 | 1.01  | 0.01 | 19    |
| Mars    | 1.49 | 1.74  | 0.06 | 153   |
| Jupiter | 4.80 | 4.47  | 0.16 | 3393  |
| Saturn  | 8.92 | 11.73 | 0.52 | 21911 |
| Uranus  | 1.23 | 2.45  | 0.07 | 13007 |
| Neptune | 1.28 | 1.27  | 0.04 | 7761  |

Unîts:

mean longitude λ (arcsecond).

Heliocentric longitude L and latitude B (arcsecond).

Distance Sun-Planet R (km).